COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURE AND DATA FLOW DESIGN FOR A WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK–BASED SMART FARM MONITORING SYSTEM

Abstract

Reliable communication is a fundamental requirement for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)–based smart agriculture systems, as sensor data must be transmitted accurately and timely to enable effective decision-making. In agricultural environments, communication challenges such as signal attenuation, limited transmission range, and energy constraints can significantly affect system performance. This paper presents the communication architecture and data flow design of a WSN-based smart farm monitoring system developed for irrigation and flood monitoring applications. The proposed architecture adopts a centralized topology with event-driven data transmission to ensure reliability, low latency, and reduced energy consumption. Experimental observations demonstrate stable wireless communication within a 50-meter range and timely delivery of sensor data for real-time control actions. The communication design is shown to be suitable for small- to medium-scale farm deployments, particularly in resource-constrained environments.